Väzňova dilema
Väzňova dilema je jedna z hier v rámci teórie hier. Tento problém bol formulovaný v roku 1950 Merrillom Floodom a Melvinom Dresherom nasledovne:
Dvaja podozriví sú zadržaní políciou. Polícia nemá dostatok dôkazov a navštívi preto oboch väzňov, ktorí sú oddelení, aby im ponúkla rovnakú dohodu.
- Ak bude jeden z nich svedčiť proti druhému (zradí druhého) a tento nič neprezradí (nebude spolupracovať s políciou a tým pádom bude spolupracovať s druhým podozrivým), zradca bude prepustený (S rokov) a spoluväzeň si musí odsedieť celých desať rokov (T rokov).
- V prípade, že obaja nebudú svedčiť, budú odsudení len na P-ročné (napr. 1 rok) odňatie slobody.
- Ak sa väzni zradia navzájom, bude im udelený R-ročný trest (3).
Obaja väzni sa musia rozhodnúť, či budú mlčať alebo svedčiť, pričom vedia, že spoluväzeň sa o zrade nedozvie pred ukončením vyšetrovania. Ako by mali väzni konať?
The prisoner's dilemma is a standard example of a game analyzed in game theory that shows why two completely rational individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interests to do so. It was originally framed by Merrill Flood and Melvin Dresher while working at RAND in 1950. Albert W. Tucker formalized the game with prison sentence rewards and named it "prisoner's dilemma", presenting it as follows:
Two members of a criminal gang are arrested and imprisoned. Each prisoner is in solitary confinement with no means of communicating with the other. The prosecutors lack sufficient evidence to convict the pair on the principal charge, but they have enough to convict both on a lesser charge. Simultaneously, the prosecutors offer each prisoner a bargain. Each prisoner is given the opportunity either to betray the other by testifying that the other committed the crime, or to cooperate with the other by remaining silent. The offer is:
- If A and B each betray the other, each of them serves two years in prison
- If A betrays B but B remains silent, A will be set free and B will serve three years in prison (and vice versa)
- If A and B both remain silent, both of them will only serve one year in prison (on the lesser charge).
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